Rigid inclusions is a ground improvement method using high deformation modulus columns constructed through compressible soils to reduce settlement and increase bearing capacity.

Ground improvement efficiency depends on the stiffness relationship between the soil and the columns. Load from the structure is distributed to the soil and columns via a load transfer platform or rigid foundation.

Keller rig installing rigid inclusions

Common uses

Industrial and commercial buildings
Embankments for road and rail
Storage tanks and terminals
Residential buildings
Warehouses
Public buildings
Industrial flooring
Wind turbines

Process

After the working platform is prepared, the rig is moved into place and data recording starts. Generally a displacement auger or vibrated tube is used to penetrate down to the designed depth. Concrete is pumped as the tool is pulled upwards. The concrete flows out of the tube and supports the bore. If the concrete is fresh, cutting is done mechanically.  Once the concrete has hardened, any further cutting is done by a pile cutter.

 

Advantages

Allows the use of shallow foundations to support structure on compressible soils
Increases the bearing capacity of weak soils, even for high loads
Reduces settlements very efficiently (with a reduction factor in the range of three to eight)
Can be used in all construction sectors and applied for most types of structures and soil types
Minimal spoil

Quality assurance

Rigid inclusions elements are controlled before, during and after installation to ensure the highest quality of solution. A variety of tests can be carried out including:

  • Trial fields for verifying columns production parameters
  • Digital recording and logging of the execution parameters
  • Column integrity test, column load test, column material compressive strength tests, column diameter verification

The type and frequency of tests varies based on the size of the project and the geotechnical context.